Epidemiology of HPV genotypes among HIV positive women in Kenya : a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors & affiliation
Sonia Menon, Aibibula Wusiman, Marie Claude Boily, Mbabazi Kariisa, Hillary Mabeya, Stanley Lüchters, Frode Forland, Rodolfo Rossi, Steven Callens, Davy Vanden Broeck
Abstract
Background : There is a scarcity of data on the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in the HIV positive population and in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in Kenya. This may be different from genotypes found in abnormal cytology. Yet, with the advent of preventive HPV vaccines that target HPV 16 and 18, and the nonavalent vaccine targeting 90% of all ICC cases, such HPV genotype distribution data are indispensable for predicting the impact of vaccination and HPV screening on prevention. Even with a successful vaccination program, vaccinated women will still require screening to detect those who will develop ICC from other High risk (HR) HPV genotypes not prevented by current vaccines. The aim of this review is to report on the prevalence of pHR/HR HPV types and multiple pHR/HR HPV genotypes in Kenya among HIV positive women with normal, abnormal cytology and ICC. Methods : PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and PROQUEST were searched for articles on HPV infection up to August 2nd 2016. Search terms were HIV, HPV, Cervical Cancer, Incidence or Prevalence, and Kenya. Results : The 13 studies included yielded a total of 2116 HIV-infected women, of which 89 had ICC. The overall prevalence of pHR/HR HPV genotypes among HIV-infected women was 64% (95% CI: 50%-77%). There was a borderline significant difference in the prevalence of pHR/HR HPV genotypes between Female Sex workers (FSW) compared to non-FSW in women with both normal and abnormal cytology. Multiple pHR/HR HPV genotypes were highly prominent in both normal cytology/HSIL and ICC. The most prevalent HR HPV genotypes in women with abnormal cytology were HPV 16 with 26%, (95% CI: 23.0%-30.0%) followed by HPV 35 and 52, with 21% (95% CI: 18%-25%) and 18% (95% CI: 15%-21%), respectively. In women with ICC, the most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (37%; 95% CI: 28%-47%) and HPV 18 (24%; 95% CI: 16%-33%). Conclusion : HPV 16/18 gains prominence as the severity of cervical disease increases, with HPV 16/18 accounting for 61% (95% CI: 50.0%-70.0%) of all ICC cases. A secondary prevention program will be necessary as this population harbors multiple pHR/HR HPV co-infections, which may not be covered by current vaccines. A triage based on FSW as an indicator may be warranted.
Related publications
Stanley Lüchters, Davy Vanden Broeck, Matthew Chersich, Annalene Nel, Wim Delva, Kishor Mandaliya, Christophe Depuydt, Patricia Claeys, John-Paul Bogers, Marleen Temmerman
2014 High frequency of genital human papillomavirus infections and related cervical dysplasia in adolescent girls in BelgiumMireille Merckx, Ina Benoy, Joris Meys, Christophe Depuydt, Marleen Temmerman, Steven Weyers, Davy Vanden Broeck
2011 Bacterial vaginosis is associated with uterine cervical human papillomavirus infection: a meta-analysisEvy Gillet, Joris Meys, Hans Verstraelen, Carolyne Bosire, Philippe De Sutter, Marleen Temmerman, Davy Vanden Broeck