Sexual violence in sexual and gender minorities : results from the UN-MENAMAIS study in Belgium

Abstract

Background: Sexual and gender minorities [SGM] have been identified as a risk group for sexual violence [SV] exposure. SV can have long-lasting negative effects on well-being and physical, mental, sexual and reproductive health. Minority stress [MS] – resulting from sexual orientation and gender identity related stigma, prejudice, and discrimination – could be a possible mediator for increased vulnerability for SV and its consequences in SGM. This study examines the prevalence of SV in SGM in Belgium, possible risk factors and negative effects, and the help-seeking behaviours of those affected by it. Methods: Quantitative data are collected from 5.000 respondents through an online survey administered to a nationally representative sample in Belgium. SGM are included in this sample. In addition, qualitative data are collected using in-depth interviews with approximately 18 gender and sexually diverse persons (until saturation) who have been (in)directly impacted by SV. In addition to establishing the prevalence of sexual victimization, a range of vulnerability factors is assessed. Findings: Findings from the online survey and in-depth interviews will be presented. Preliminary results suggest that SV in SGM is more prevalent than in the general population. Discussion: MS may increase the risk of SV in SGM, may exacerbates the impact of SV, and may create barriers to help-seeking after SV. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of MS in vulnerability for SV in SGM and to inform the development of novel prevention and intervention programs addressing MS and related risk factors.